EXPERT REPORT OF PATRICIA GURIN
Gratz, et al. v. Bollinger, et al., No. 97-75321 (E.D. Mich.)
Grutter, et al. v. Bollinger, et al., No. 97-75928 (E.D. Mich.)

Table C1
Learning outcomes from the CIRP study among White students
   Informal interaction diversity   
   Outcomes Classrom
diversity		 Workshop Discussion Socializing Close college
friends were
diverse
Four-year learning outcomes:
Engagement and motivation
Graduate degree aspiration blue square blue square blue square blue square blue square
Drive to achieve   blue square   blue square  
Self-confidence (Intellectual) blue square   blue square blue square  
Write original works
(poems, novels, short stories, etc.)		 blue square blue square blue square blue square blue square
Create artistic works
(painting, sculpture, decorating, etc.)		 blue square blue square blue square blue square blue square
Preparation for graduate/professional school   blue square blue square blue square  
Four-year learning outcomes:
Intellectual and academic skills
Average undergraduate grades
(self-reported)		     blue square    
General knowledge blue square blue square blue square blue square  
Academic ability blue square   blue square    
Writing blue square blue square blue square blue square  
Listening ability blue square blue square blue square blue square blue square
Analytical and problem-solving skills     blue square blue square  
Ability to think critically blue square blue square blue square blue square  
Writing skills blue square blue square blue square blue square  
Foreign language skills blue square blue square blue square blue square  
   Informal interaction diversity   
   Outcomes Classrom
diversity		 Workshop Discussion Socializing Close college
friends were
diverse
Nine-year learning outcomes:
Engagement and motivation
Average undergraduate grades
(self-reported)		   blue square   blue square  
Self-confidence (Intellectual) blue square   blue square blue square  
Write original works
(poems, novels, short stories, etc.)		 blue square blue square blue square   blue square
Create artistic works
(painting, sculpture, decorating, etc.)		 blue square blue square blue square blue square blue square
Nine-year learning outcomes:
Intellectual and academic skills
Academic ability     blue square blue square  
Writing blue square blue square blue square blue square  
Listening ability   blue square blue square blue square  
Nine-year learning outcomes:
Valued skills
General knowledge blue square   blue square blue square  
Analytical and problem-solving skills     blue square blue square  
Ability to think critically blue square blue square blue square blue square  
Writing blue square blue square blue square    
Foreign language skills blue square blue square blue square blue square blue square
Notes: All outcome meaures reflect student growth since entering college. Details on the specific measurement approach used are found in Appendix C. Positive effects indicated by square; negative effects indicated by diamond. Nonsignificant effects (p > .05) not shown. "Classroom Diversity" was measured by the students’ enrollment in an ethnic studies course in college. "Workshop" refers to attendance at a racial/cultural awareness workshop in college. "Discussion" and "Socializing" were measured by the frequency with which the student "discussed racial/ethnic issues" and "socialized with someone of another racial/ethnic group" during college.

"Gurin" Table of Contents   |   Empirical Results Section

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