EXPERT REPORT OF PATRICIA GURIN
Gratz, et al. v. Bollinger, et al., No. 97-75321 (E.D. Mich.)
Grutter, et al. v. Bollinger, et al., No. 97-75928 (E.D. Mich.)

Table C2 Learning outcomes from the CIRP study among African-American and Latino students
	African Americans          Informal interaction diversity					Latinos          Informal interaction diversity
	Classrom diversity	Workshop	Discussion	Socializing	Same race: Close college friends	Classrom diversity	Workshop	Discussion	Socializing	Same race: Close college friends
Four-year learning outcomes: Engagement and motivation
Degree aspiration in 1989
Drive to achieve
Self-confidence (Intellectual)
Write original works (poems, novels, short stories, etc.)
Create artistic works (painting, sculpture, decorating, etc.)
Preparation for graduate/professional school
	African Americans          Informal interaction diversity					Latinos          Informal interaction diversity
	Classrom diversity	Workshop	Discussion	Socializing	Same race: Close college friends	Classrom diversity	Workshop	Discussion	Socializing	Same race: Close college friends
Four-year learning outcomes: Intellectual and academic skills
Average undergraduate grades (self-reported)
General knowledge
Academic ability
Writing
Listening ability
Analytical and problem-solving skills
Ability to think critically
Writing skills
Foreign language skills
	African Americans          Informal interaction diversity					Latinos          Informal interaction diversity
	Classrom diversity	Workshop	Discussion	Socializing	Same race: Close college friends	Classrom diversity	Workshop	Discussion	Socializing	Same race: Close college friends
Nine-year learning outcomes: Engagement and motivation
Average undergraduate grades (self-reported)
Self-confidence (Intellectual)
Write original works (poems, novels, short stories, etc.)		;
Create artistic works (painting, sculpture, decorating, etc.)
	African Americans          Informal interaction diversity					Latinos          Informal interaction diversity
	Classrom diversity	Workshop	Discussion	Socializing	Same race: Close college friends	Classrom diversity	Workshop	Discussion	Socializing	Same race: Close college friends
Nine-year learning outcomes: Intellectual and academic skills
Academic ability
Writing
Listening ability
	African Americans          Informal interaction diversity					Latinos          Informal interaction diversity
	Classrom diversity	Workshop	Discussion	Socializing	Same race: Close college friends	Classrom diversity	Workshop	Discussion	Socializing	Same race: Close college friends
Nine-year learning outcomes: Valued skills
General knowledge
Analytical and problem-solving skills
Ability to think critically
Writing
Foreign language skills
Notes: All outcome meaures reflect student growth since entering college. Details on the specific measurement approach used are found in Appendix C. Positive effects indicated by square; negative effects indicated by diamond. Nonsignificant effects (p > .10) not shown. "Classroom Diversity" was measured by the students’ enrollment in an ethnic studies course in college. "Workshop" refers to attendance at a racial/cultural awareness workshop in college. "Discussion" and "Socializing" were measured by the frequency with which the student "discussed racial/ethnic issues" and "socialized with someone of another racial/ethnic group" during college.

"Gurin" Table of Contents	|	Empirical Results Section

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