TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
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CASES
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Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena,
515 U.S. 200 (1995)
|
41, 44
|
Agostini v. Felton,
521 U.S. 203 (1997)
|
45
|
Ambach v. Norwick,
441 U.S. 68 (1979)
|
28, 32
|
Arkansas Education Television Commission v. Forbes,
118 S. Ct. 1633 (1998)
|
34
|
Barnes v. Glen Theater, Inc.,
501 U.S. 560 (1991)
|
46
|
Board of Education v. Pico,
457 U.S. 853 (1982)
|
28
|
Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System v. Southworth,
120 S. Ct. 1346 (2000)
|
33, 34
|
Brewer v. West Irondequoit Central School District,
212 F.3d 738 (2d Cir. 2000)
|
44
|
Brown v. Board of Education,
347 U.S. 483 (1954)
|
3, 28
|
City of Los Angeles v. Lyons,
461 U.S. 95 (1983)
|
6
|
City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co.,
488 U.S. 469 (1989)
|
37, 41, 47
|
Coe v. Bell,
209 F.3d 815 (6th Cir. 2000)
|
46, 47
|
Davis v. Halpern,
768 F. Supp. 968 (E.D.N.Y. 1991)
|
44
|
Eisenberg v. Montgomery County Public Schools.,
197 F.3d 123 (4th Cir. 1999)
|
43
|
Eisenberg v. Montgomery County,
197 F.3d 123 (4th Cir. 1999)
|
43
|
Federated Publications, Inc. v. Board of Trustees of Michigan State University,
594 N.W.2d 491 (Mich. 1999)
|
35
|
Ford v. Wainwright,
477 U.S. 399 (1986)
|
46
|
Guardians Association v. Civil Service Commission,
463 U.S. 582 (1983)
|
42
|
Healy v. James,
408 U.S. 169 (1972)
|
33
|
Hohn v. United States,
524 U.S. 236 (1998)
|
45
|
Hopwood v. Texas,
78 F.3d 932 (5th Cir. 1996)
|
3, 44
|
Hunter v. Bryant,
502 U.S. 224 (1991)
|
5
|
Hunter v. Bryant,
502 U.S. 224 (1991)
|
5
|
Jacobson v. Cincinnati Board Of Education,
961 F.2d 100 (6th Cir. 1992)
|
34, 43
|
Johnson v. Transportation Agency,
480 U.S. 616 (1987)
|
41
|
Keyishian v. Board of Regents,
385 U.S. 589 (1967)
|
2, 3, 32, 33
|
Marks v. United States,
430 U.S. 188 (1977)
|
45
|
McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education,
339 U.S. 637 (1950)
|
28
|
Minnick v. California Department of Corrections,
452 U.S. 105 (1981)
|
41
|
Oliver v. Kalamazoo Board of Education,
706 F.2d 757 (6th Cir. 1983)
|
43
|
Parate v. Isibor,
868 F.2d 821 (6th Cir. 1989)
|
34
|
Regents of the University of Michigan v. Ewing,
474 U.S. 214 (1985)
|
20, 28
|
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke,
438 U.S. 265 (1978)
|
passim
|
Rodriguez De Quijas v. Shearson/American Express, Inc.,
490 U.S. 477 (1989)
|
45
|
Rosenberger v. Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia,
515 U.S. 819 (1995)
|
33
|
Rust v. Sullivan,
500 U.S. 173 (1991)
|
33
|
Smith v. University of Washington Law School,
2 F. Supp. 2d 1324, 1334 (W.D. Wash. 1998)
|
44
|
Smith v. University of Washington Law School,
No. C97-335Z (W.D. Wash. Feb. 12, 1999)
|
44
|
State Oil Company v. Khan,
522 U.S. 3 (1997)
|
45
|
Steel Co. v. Citizens for a Better Environment,
523 U.S. 83 (1998)
|
6
|
|
Sweezy v. New Hampshire,
354 U.S. 234 (1957)
|
3, 32, 34
|
Texas v. LeSage,
120 S. Ct. 467 (1999)
|
5
|
Triplett Grille, Inc. v. City of Akron,
40 F.3d 129 (6th Cir. 1994)
|
46
|
Tuttle v. Arlington County School Board,
195 F.3d 698 (4th Cir. 1999);
|
44
|
United States v. Ovalle,
136 F.3d 1092 (6th Cir. 1998)
|
43
|
United States v. Paradise,
480 U.S. 149 (1987)
|
40
|
University & Community College System v. Farmer,
930 P.2d 730 (Nev. 1997), cert. denied, 523 U.S. 1004 (1998)
|
44
|
Wessman v. Gittens,
160 F.3d 790 (1st Cir. 1998)
|
44
|
Winkes v. Brown University,
747 F.2d 792 (1st Cir. 1984)
|
44
|
Wygant v. Jackson Board of Education,
476 U.S. 267 (1986)
|
41
|
CONSTITUTION
|
|
Michigan Const. Art. 8, (1963)
|
35
|
RULES
|
| Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(b)(2)
|
4
|
| Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)
|
28
|
ARTICLES
|
|
Akhil Reed Amar and Neal Katyal, Bakke’s Fate, 43 UCLA L. Rev. 1745, (1996)
|
41
|
|
Lee Bollinger and Nancy Cantor, The Educational Importance of Race,
Washington Post, Apr. 28, 1998, at A17
|
7, 8
|
|
Gerald R. Ford, Inclusive America Under Attack, New York Times Op-Ed,
Aug. 8, 1999
|
8
|
|
William G. Milliken, Ban on Affirmative Action Can Have Insidious Effects, The Ann Arbor News, Dec. 31, 1999
|
8
|
|
Note, Plurality Decisions and Judicial Decisionmaking, 94 Harv. L. Rev. 1127 (1981)
|
42
|
|
Note, When the Court Divides: Reconsidering the Precedential Value of Supreme Court Plurality Decisions, 42 Duke L.J. 419 (1992)
|
42
|
|
Kevin Sack and Janet Elder, Poll Finds Optimistic Outlook But Enduring Racial Division, New York Times, July 11, 2000
|
12, 14
|
|
Peter Schmidt, U. of Michigan Turns to Scholars to Bolster Its Defense of Affirmative Action, Chronicle of Higher Educ., Apr. 2, 1999, at A38
|
36
|
|
Jacques Steinberg, College Gatekeepers Read Between The Lines, New York Times, April 3, 2000
|
22
|
|
The Bakke Decision, Washington Post, June 29, 1978, at A26
|
43
|
|
The Supreme Court: 1977 Term, 92 Harv. L. Rev. 131 (1978)
|
42
|
|
Laurence H. Tribe, Perspectives on Bakke: Equal Protection, Procedural Fairness, Or Structural Justice, 92 Harv. L. Rev. 864 (1978)
|
43
|
|
Who Won, New York Times, June 29, 1978. at A24
|
43
|
|
Jaimie Winkler, Expert Witnesses Discuss Diversity, Michigan Daily, March 18, 1999 at A38
|
36
|
MISCELLANEOUS
|
|
United States Census Bureau, Projections of the Resident Population by Race, Hispanic Origin, and Nativity: Middle Series, 1999-2020, January 13, 2000
|
12
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