EXPERT REPORT OF PATRICIA GURIN
Gratz, et al. v. Bollinger, et al., No. 97-75321 (E.D. Mich.)
Grutter, et al. v. Bollinger, et al., No. 97-75928 (E.D. Mich.)

Table C2
Learning outcomes from the CIRP study among African-American and Latino students
African Americans      

   Informal interaction diversity   
Latinos      

   Informal interaction diversity   
Classrom
diversity
Workshop Discussion Socializing Same race:
Close college
friends
Classrom
diversity
Workshop Discussion Socializing Same race:
Close college
friends
Four-year learning outcomes:
Engagement and motivation
Degree aspiration in 1989               blue square    
Drive to achieve   blue square       blue square blue square      
Self-confidence (Intellectual)                    
Write original works (poems, novels, short stories, etc.)                    
Create artistic works (painting, sculpture, decorating, etc.)   blue square         blue square      
Preparation for graduate/professional school           blue square blue diamond      
African Americans      

   Informal interaction diversity   
Latinos      

   Informal interaction diversity   
Classrom
diversity
Workshop Discussion Socializing Same race:
Close college
friends
Classrom
diversity
Workshop Discussion Socializing Same race:
Close college
friends
Four-year learning outcomes:
Intellectual and academic skills
Average undergraduate grades (self-reported) blue diamond         blue square        
General knowledge       blue square            
Academic ability           blue square        
Writing   blue square blue square blue square     blue square blue square    
Listening ability   blue square   blue square         blue square  
Analytical and problem-solving skills   blue square                
Ability to think critically     blue square              
Writing skills   blue square blue square              
Foreign language skills   blue square       blue square        
African Americans      

   Informal interaction diversity   
Latinos      

   Informal interaction diversity   
Classrom
diversity
Workshop Discussion Socializing Same race:
Close college
friends
Classrom
diversity
Workshop Discussion Socializing Same race:
Close college
friends
Nine-year learning outcomes:
Engagement and motivation
Average undergraduate grades (self-reported)   blue square       blue square        
Self-confidence (Intellectual)                    
Write original works (poems, novels, short stories, etc.)   blue square;               blue diamond
Create artistic works (painting, sculpture, decorating, etc.)   blue square blue square             blue diamond
African Americans      

   Informal interaction diversity   
Latinos      

   Informal interaction diversity   
Classrom
diversity
Workshop Discussion Socializing Same race:
Close college
friends
Classrom
diversity
Workshop Discussion Socializing Same race:
Close college
friends
Nine-year learning outcomes:
Intellectual and academic skills
Academic ability                    
Writing     blue square         blue square    
Listening ability                    
African Americans      

   Informal interaction diversity   
Latinos      

   Informal interaction diversity   
Classrom
diversity
Workshop Discussion Socializing Same race:
Close college
friends
Classrom
diversity
Workshop Discussion Socializing Same race:
Close college
friends
Nine-year learning outcomes:
Valued skills
General knowledge         blue square          
Analytical and problem-solving skills blue diamond                  
Ability to think critically                    
Writing     blue square              
Foreign language skills           blue square        

Notes: All outcome meaures reflect student growth since entering college. Details on the specific measurement approach used are found in Appendix C. Positive effects indicated by square; negative effects indicated by diamond. Nonsignificant effects (p > .10) not shown. "Classroom Diversity" was measured by the students’ enrollment in an ethnic studies course in college. "Workshop" refers to attendance at a racial/cultural awareness workshop in college. "Discussion" and "Socializing" were measured by the frequency with which the student "discussed racial/ethnic issues" and "socialized with someone of another racial/ethnic group" during college.


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