Adams v. Metiva,
31 F.3d 375 (6th Cir. 1994)
|
23 |
Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena,
515 U.S. 200 (1995)
|
33
|
Agostini v. Felton,
521 U.S. 203 (1997)
|
33
|
Anderson v. Creighton,
483 U.S. 635 (1987)
|
24
|
Behrens v. Pelletier,
516 U.S. 299 (1996)
|
21, 22
|
Blake v. Wright,
179 F.3d 1003 (6th Cir. 1999)
|
23
|
Bloch v. Ribar,
156 F.3d 673 (6th Cir. 1998)
|
23
|
Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System v. Southworth,
120 S. Ct. 1346 (2000)
|
20, 28
|
Brewer v. West Irondequoit Central School District,
212 F.3d 738 (2d Cir. 2000)
|
33
|
Brown v. Board of Education,
347 U.S. 483 (1954)
|
5
|
Cameron v. Seitz,
38 F.3d 264 (6th Cir. 1994)
|
20
|
Conn v. Gabbert,
526 U.S. 286 (1999)
|
23
|
Crawford-El v. Britton,
523 U.S. 574 (1998)
|
22, 23
|
Davis v. Halpern,
768 F. Supp. 968 (E.D.N.Y. 1991)
|
32
|
Dickerson v. McClellan,
101 F.3d 1151 (6th Cir. 1996)
|
passim
|
Eisenberg v. Montgomery County Public Schools.,
197 F.3d 123 (4th Cir. 1999)
|
32
|
Estate of Dietrich v. Burrows,
167 F.3d 1007 (6th Cir. 1999)
|
24
|
Gardenhire v. Schubert,
205 F.3d 303 (6th Cir. 2000), cert. denied, 120 S. Ct. 980 (2000)
|
21, 23
|
Harlow v Fitzgerald,
457 U.S. 800 (1982)
|
1, 21, 34, 37
|
Healy v. James,
408 U.S. 169 (1972)
|
20
|
Hohn v. United States,
524 U.S. 236 (1998)
|
33
|
Hopwood v. Texas,
78 F.3d 932 (5th Cir. 1996)
|
2, 25, 33
|
Hunter v. Bryant,
502 U.S. 224 (1991)
|
1, 22
|
Jacobson v. Cincinnati Board Of Education,
961 F.2d 100 (6th Cir. 1992)
|
32
|
Johnson v. Estate of Laccheo,
935 F.2d 109 (6th Cir. 1991)
|
23
|
Johnson v. Transportation Agency,
480 U.S. 616 (1987)
|
31
|
Keyishian v. Board of Regents,
385 U.S. 589 (1967)
|
19, 28
|
Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod v. FCC,
141 F.3d 344 (D.C. Cir. 1998)
|
25
|
Marks v. United States,
430 U.S. 188 (1977)
|
27, 33
|
Marsh v. Arn,
937 F.2d 1056 (6th Cir. 1991)
|
26
|
Mitchell v. Forsyth,
472 U.S. 511 (1985)
|
21, 22
|
Mumford v. Zieba,
4 F.3d 429 (6th Cir. 1993)
|
24
|
Ohio Civil Service Employees Association v. Seiter,
858 F.2d 1171, 1177 (6th Cir. 1988)
|
26
|
Oliver v. Kalamazoo Board of Education,
706 F.2d 757 (6th Cir. 1983)
|
32
|
Reese v. City of Columbus,
71 F.3d 619 (6th Cir. 1995), cert. denied, 117 S. Ct. 386 (1996)
|
28
|
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke,
438 U.S. 265 (1978)
|
passim
|
Regents of the University of Michigan v. Ewing,
474 U.S. 214 (1985)
|
20, 28
|
Rodriguez De Quijas v. Shearson/American Express, Inc.,
490 U.S. 477 (1989)
|
34
|
Scott v. Clay County, Tennessee,
205 F.3d 867 (6th Cir. 2000)
|
21
|
Siegert v. Gilley,
500 U.S. 226 (1991)
|
22
|
Smith v. University of Washington Law School,
2 F. Supp. 2d 1324, 1334 (W.D. Wash. 1998)
|
32
|
Smith v. University of Washington Law School,
No. C97-335Z (W.D. Wash. Feb. 12, 1999)
|
27, 33
|
State Oil Company v. Khan,
522 U.S. 3 (1997)
|
33
|
|
Sweezy v. New Hampshire,
354 U.S. 234 (1957)
|
20, 28
|
Triplett Grille, Inc. v. City of Akron,
40 F.3d 129 (6th Cir. 1994)
|
28
|
Tuttle v. Arlington County School Board,
195 F.3d 698 (4th Cir. 1999);
|
32
|
University & Community College System v. Farmer,
930 P.2d 730 (Nev. 1997), cert. denied, 523 U.S. 1004 (1998)
|
32
|
Wessman v. Gittens,
160 F.3d 790 (1st Cir. 1998)
|
32
|
Wilson v. Layne,
526 U.S. 603 (1999).
|
23, 24
|
Winkes v. Brown University,
747 F.2d 792 (1st Cir. 1984)
|
32
|
Wygant v. Jackson Board of Education,
476 U.S. 267 (1986)
|
31
|
|
CONSTITUTION
|
|
Michigan Const. Art. 8, § 4 (1963)
|
3
|
|
STATUTES
|
| 42 U.S.C. § 1981
|
23
|
| 42 U.S.C. § 1983
|
23
|
| 42 U.S.C. § 2000c-6(a)(2)
|
30
|
| 42 U.S.C. § 2000d
|
30
|
|
ARTICLES
|
|
Akhil Reed Amar and Neal Katyal, Bakke’s Fate, 43 UCLA L. Rev. 1745, (1996)
|
31
|
|
Lee Bollinger and Nancy Cantor, The Educational Importance of Race,
Washington Post, Apr. 28, 1998, at A17
|
4, 5
|
|
Gerald R. Ford, Inclusive America Under Attack, New York Times Op-Ed,
Aug. 8, 1999
|
29
|
|
Ruth Bader Ginsburg, A Considered Opinion: Affirmative Action as an International Human Rights Dialogue, 27 Human Rights 3 (2000)
|
31
|
|
Nat Hentoff, A Challenge to Bill Lann Lee, The Village Voice, Jan. 13, 1998 at 24
|
21
|
|
Deborah C. Malamud, Affirmative Action, Diversity and the Black Middle
Class, 68 U. Colo. L. Rev. 939 (1997)
|
26, 31
|
|
William G. Milliken, Don’t Let U-M’s Racial Bridge Be Closed Off, Detroit
Free Press, Local Comment, Jan. 6, 2000
|
29
|
|
Kevin Sack and Janet Elder, Poll Finds Optimistic Outlook But Enduring Racial Division, New York Times, July 11, 2000
|
6
|
|
Jacques Steinberg, College Gatekeepers Read Between The Lines, New York Times, April 3, 2000
|
11
|
|
Cass R. Sunstein, Foreword: Leaving Things Undecided, 110 Harv. L. Rev. 4
(1996)
|
26
|
|
Kate Zernike, Campus Affirmative Action Embattled Handbooks Encourage
Student Suits, Boston Globe, Jan. 27, 1999, at A4
|
21
|
|
MISCELLANEOUS
|
|
59 Federal Register 8756 (1994)
|
30
|