EXPERT REPORT OF PATRICIA GURIN
Gratz, et al. v. Bollinger, et al., No. 97-75321 (E.D. Mich.)
Grutter, et al. v. Bollinger, et al., No. 97-75928 (E.D. Mich.)

Table M2 Learning outcomes from the Michigan Student Study: African-American students
		Informal interaction diversity						Classroom & informal interaction combined
Student outcomes	Classrom diversity	Personal interactions	Negative interactions	Amount of interaction w/SOC	Amount of interaction w/Whites	Diversity of 6 best friends	Participation with other groups	Dialogue groups	Number of multicultural events
Active thinking
Increased complex thinking
Social historical thinking
Engagement and motivation
Intellectual engagement
Graduate school intentions
Notes: All outcome measures reflect student growth since entering college. Details on the specific measurement approach used are found in Appendix C. Positive effects indicated by square; negative effects indicated by diamond. Nonsignificant effects (p > .10) not shown. "Classroom Diversity" was measured by the extent to which students said they had been exposed to and affected by diversity issues in the classroom. Intimate interactions were measured by the extent to which interactions with other racial/ethnic groups involved "honest discussions about race", and "sharing of personal feelings and problems". Negative interactions were measured by the extent to which these interactions were "guarded" and "hostile". "Amount of interaction with Whites" (AfAm) and "Amount of interaction with Students of Color" (SOC) refer to the extent to which African American students had general relationships on campus. "Participation with Other Groups" was measured by involvement in activities on campus involving other racial/ethnic groups. "Dialogue Groups" refers to participation in a program of intergroup dialogue and conflict resolution at the University of Michigan. "Number of Multicultural Events" refers to participation in such campus-wide events as Black History Month, Hispanic Heritage Celebration, Native American POW POW, etc. for a total of five different events.