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List of Signers:

February 17, 2003

Lieutenant General Julius W. Becton, Jr. served in the U.S. Army for 40 years. He served five years as president of Prairie View A&M University, and subsequently served as Superintendent of the Washington, D.C. Public Schools.

Admiral Dennis Blair, retired 4-star, served as Commander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Command (1999-2002), where he directed all Army, Navy, Marine Corps and Air Force operations across more than 100 million square miles.

Major General Charles Bolden, retired astronaut and 2-star, was the nation’s first African-American Marine astronaut. He flew four space shuttle missions, commanding two, including the mission placing the Hubble telescope into earth orbit.

Honorable James M. Cannon served as Chairman of the U.S. Naval Academy Board of Visitors under Presidents Reagan and George H.W. Bush. (1989-93).

Lieutenant General Daniel W. Christman, retired Army 3-star, was Superintendent of the U.S. Military Academy (1996-2001), where he had overall responsibility for admissions criteria at West Point.

General Wesley K. Clark served as Supreme Allied Commander, Europe (1997-2000), and Commander in Chief, Southern Command.

Senator Max Cleland served as a combat officer in Vietnam and as Administrator of the U.S. Veterans Administration (1977-81). As U.S. Senator from Georgia (1997-2003), he chaired the Armed Services’ Subcommittee on Personnel.

Admiral Archie Clemins, retired 4-star, served as Commander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet (1996-99), the world’s largest combined-fleet command.

Honorable William Cohen was the 20th Secretary of Defense (1997-2001). As U.S. Senator from Maine (1979-97), he chaired the Armed Services Committee’s Seapower and Force Projection Subcommittee.

Admiral William J. Crowe, retired 4-star, was the 11th Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff (1985-89). He also commanded U.S. Naval Forces in the Persian Gulf and NATO Forces in Southern Europe and served as U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom (1993-97).

General Ronald R. Fogleman, retired 4-star, was Air Force Chief of Staff (1994-97) with overall responsibility for organizing and training the 750,000 active duty, Guard, Reserve and civilian members. He also served as Commander in Chief of U.S. Transcom (1992-94).

Lieutenant General Howard D. Graves, retired Army 3-star, was Superintendent of the U.S. Military Academy (1991-96), where he had responsibility for admissions criteria. Since 1999, he has served as Chancellor of the Texas A&M System.

General Joseph P. Hoar, retired Marine 4-star, served as the Commander in Chief, U.S. Central Command (1991-94).

Senator Robert J. Kerrey served in the U.S. Navy SEAL special forces unit (1966-69). He served as Nebraska governor (1983-87), and as U.S. Senator from Nebraska (1989-2001).

Admiral Charles R. Larson, retired 4-star, was Commander in Chief, Pacific Fleet (1990-91), and Commander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Command (1991-94). He was also Superintendent of the Naval Academy (1983-86, 1994-98).

Senator Carl Levin is the Ranking Member of the Senate Armed Services Committee and, until January 2003, chaired that Committee, with oversight responsibilities for the armed services.

Honorable Robert “Bud” McFarlane, a retired Marine Corps officer, was President Reagan’s National Security Advisor (1983-85), and also served as Deputy Director of the National Security Council.

General Carl E. Mundy, Jr., retired Marine Corps 4-star, was the Marine Corps Commandant (1991-95), and also served as Marine Corps Director of Personnel Procurement.

General Lloyd W. Newton, retired Air Force 4-star, commanded the Air Education and Training Command, where he was responsible for recruiting, training and educating all Air Force personnel, including the Air Force Recruiting Service, 13 bases, and the Air Force University.

Lieutenant General Tad J. Oelstrom, retired 3-star, was Superintendent, U.S. Air Force Academy (1997-2000), and is currently Director, National Security Program, Kennedy School, Harvard University.

Honorable William J. Perry was the 19th Secretary of Defense (1994-97), Deputy Secretary of Defense (1993-94) and Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering (1977-81). He is currently a Professor of Engineering at Stanford University.

Admiral Joseph W. Prueher, retired 4-star, served as Commander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Command (1996-99), Commandant of Midshipmen, U.S. Naval Academy, and U.S. Ambassador to China (1999-2001).

Senator Jack Reed graduated from the U.S. Military Academy in 1981, and served in the Army until 1979, when he resigned as a Captain. As a U.S. Senator from Rhode Island, he serves on the Armed Services Committee and chairs the Board of Visitors of the U.S. Military Academy.

Honorable Joseph R. Reeder, the 14th Under Secretary of the Army (1993-97), had oversight responsibility for admission criteria for the U.S. Military Academy and the ROTC programs at our nation’s universities.

General H. Norman Schwarzkopf, retired 4-star, served as Commander in Chief, U.S. Central Command (1988-91), and as Commander, Allied Forces, for Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm during the Gulf War (1990-91).

General John M.D. Shalikashvili, retired 4-star, was the 13th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (1993-97), and served as Supreme Allied Commander, Europe (1992-93).

General Hugh Shelton, retired 4-star, was the 14th Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff (1997-2001). He also served as Commander in Chief, U.S. Special Operations Command (1996-97).

General Gordon R. Sullivan, retired 4-star, served as Army Chief of Staff (1991-95), with overall responsibility for organizing and training over 1 million active duty Guard, Reserve, and civilian memebers.

General Anthony Zinni, retired Marine 4-star, served as the Commander in Chief, U.S. Central Command (1997-2001), and as Special U.S. Peace Envoy to the Middle East (2002).

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