TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
CASES
Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena, 515 U.S. 200 (1995)	41, 44
Agostini v. Felton, 521 U.S. 203 (1997)	45
Ambach v. Norwick, 441 U.S. 68 (1979)	28, 32
Arkansas Education Television Commission v. Forbes, 118 S. Ct. 1633 (1998)	34
Barnes v. Glen Theater, Inc., 501 U.S. 560 (1991)	46
Board of Education v. Pico, 457 U.S. 853 (1982)	28
Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System v. Southworth, 120 S. Ct. 1346 (2000)	33, 34
Brewer v. West Irondequoit Central School District, 212 F.3d 738 (2d Cir. 2000)	44
Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954)	3, 28
City of Los Angeles v. Lyons, 461 U.S. 95 (1983)	6
City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co., 488 U.S. 469 (1989)	37, 41, 47
Coe v. Bell, 209 F.3d 815 (6th Cir. 2000)	46, 47
Davis v. Halpern, 768 F. Supp. 968 (E.D.N.Y. 1991)	44
Eisenberg v. Montgomery County Public Schools., 197 F.3d 123 (4th Cir. 1999)	43
Eisenberg v. Montgomery County, 197 F.3d 123 (4th Cir. 1999)	43
Federated Publications, Inc. v. Board of Trustees of Michigan State University, 594 N.W.2d 491 (Mich. 1999)	35
Ford v. Wainwright, 477 U.S. 399 (1986)	46
Guardians Association v. Civil Service Commission, 463 U.S. 582 (1983)	42
Healy v. James, 408 U.S. 169 (1972)	33
Hohn v. United States, 524 U.S. 236 (1998)	45
Hopwood v. Texas, 78 F.3d 932 (5th Cir. 1996)	3, 44
Hunter v. Bryant, 502 U.S. 224 (1991)	5
Hunter v. Bryant, 502 U.S. 224 (1991)	5
Jacobson v. Cincinnati Board Of Education, 961 F.2d 100 (6th Cir. 1992)	34, 43
Johnson v. Transportation Agency, 480 U.S. 616 (1987)	41
Keyishian v. Board of Regents, 385 U.S. 589 (1967)	2, 3, 32, 33
Marks v. United States, 430 U.S. 188 (1977)	45
McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education, 339 U.S. 637 (1950)	28
Minnick v. California Department of Corrections, 452 U.S. 105 (1981)	41
Oliver v. Kalamazoo Board of Education, 706 F.2d 757 (6th Cir. 1983)	43
Parate v. Isibor, 868 F.2d 821 (6th Cir. 1989)	34
Regents of the University of Michigan v. Ewing, 474 U.S. 214 (1985)	20, 28
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, 438 U.S. 265 (1978)	passim
Rodriguez De Quijas v. Shearson/American Express, Inc., 490 U.S. 477 (1989)	45
Rosenberger v. Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia, 515 U.S. 819 (1995)	33
Rust v. Sullivan, 500 U.S. 173 (1991)	33
Smith v. University of Washington Law School, 2 F. Supp. 2d 1324, 1334 (W.D. Wash. 1998)	44
Smith v. University of Washington Law School, No. C97-335Z (W.D. Wash. Feb. 12, 1999)	44
State Oil Company v. Khan, 522 U.S. 3 (1997)	45
Steel Co. v. Citizens for a Better Environment, 523 U.S. 83 (1998)	6
Sweezy v. New Hampshire, 354 U.S. 234 (1957)	3, 32, 34
Texas v. LeSage, 120 S. Ct. 467 (1999)	5
Triplett Grille, Inc. v. City of Akron, 40 F.3d 129 (6th Cir. 1994)	46
Tuttle v. Arlington County School Board, 195 F.3d 698 (4th Cir. 1999);	44
United States v. Ovalle, 136 F.3d 1092 (6th Cir. 1998)	43
United States v. Paradise, 480 U.S. 149 (1987)	40
University & Community College System v. Farmer, 930 P.2d 730 (Nev. 1997), cert. denied, 523 U.S. 1004 (1998)	44
Wessman v. Gittens, 160 F.3d 790 (1st Cir. 1998)	44
Winkes v. Brown University, 747 F.2d 792 (1st Cir. 1984)	44
Wygant v. Jackson Board of Education, 476 U.S. 267 (1986)	41
CONSTITUTION
Michigan Const. Art. 8, (1963)	35
RULES
Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(b)(2)	4
Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)	28
ARTICLES
Akhil Reed Amar and Neal Katyal, Bakke’s Fate, 43 UCLA L. Rev. 1745, (1996)	41
Lee Bollinger and Nancy Cantor, The Educational Importance of Race, Washington Post, Apr. 28, 1998, at A17	7, 8
Gerald R. Ford, Inclusive America Under Attack, New York Times Op-Ed, Aug. 8, 1999	8
William G. Milliken, Ban on Affirmative Action Can Have Insidious Effects, The Ann Arbor News, Dec. 31, 1999	8
Note, Plurality Decisions and Judicial Decisionmaking, 94 Harv. L. Rev. 1127 (1981)	42
Note, When the Court Divides: Reconsidering the Precedential Value of Supreme Court Plurality Decisions, 42 Duke L.J. 419 (1992)	42
Kevin Sack and Janet Elder, Poll Finds Optimistic Outlook But Enduring Racial Division, New York Times, July 11, 2000	12, 14
Peter Schmidt, U. of Michigan Turns to Scholars to Bolster Its Defense of Affirmative Action, Chronicle of Higher Educ., Apr. 2, 1999, at A38	36
Jacques Steinberg, College Gatekeepers Read Between The Lines, New York Times, April 3, 2000	22
The Bakke Decision, Washington Post, June 29, 1978, at A26	43
The Supreme Court: 1977 Term, 92 Harv. L. Rev. 131 (1978)	42
Laurence H. Tribe, Perspectives on Bakke: Equal Protection, Procedural Fairness, Or Structural Justice, 92 Harv. L. Rev. 864 (1978)	43
Who Won, New York Times, June 29, 1978. at A24	43
Jaimie Winkler, Expert Witnesses Discuss Diversity, Michigan Daily, March 18, 1999 at A38	36
MISCELLANEOUS
United States Census Bureau, Projections of the Resident Population by Race, Hispanic Origin, and Nativity: Middle Series, 1999-2020, January 13, 2000	12